Austin Sprague, prior Marine Special Operations Commander with specialized expertise centered on using physical and digital mapping, will review the challenges facing first responders when trying to communicate during critical incidents at schools and the tools they have to assist them, particularly as it relates to imagery. He will address the shortcomings of using floor plans during an emergency response and how mapping technologies have evolved nationwide to provide schools with high-fidelity maps that assist with internal uses but are also integrated across the public safety and first responder community to ensure immediate access during an emergency, many of which are covered by grant funding.